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本帖最后由 TLLED 于 2018-12-4 21:37 编辑 , ?9 M1 g- m6 Z# Q# i+ v , F! d* _& n! q' y+ q4 E P$ W* o 《STM32库开发实战指南-基于STM32F103霸道》第15章--节启动文件详解的学习的理解* J' L3 m* V) N, Q) J# j 6 m6 b) I, {" @; Z- t/ n 一、书中错误地方 $ g! x. J" w# K, E: k6 o- @ 启动文件讲解---本是第15章节 
后面几页，页眉变成第16章节。书中有一个错别字。 
二、启动文件的理解 启动文件是上电后，系统执行的第一个程序，由汇编程序编写，它主要做了以下工作。 1> 初始化堆栈指针 SP=_initial_sp 2> 初始化PC指针 PC=Reset_Handler' F/ Y% |( l8 j4 V- R: W, q 3> 初始化中断向量表 4> 配置系统时钟$ e" u7 E* O9 Y, N$ h 5> 调用C库函数_main初始化堆栈，最终调用main函数到C程序。6 s i8 m6 X7 q% }- Y) @ # _6 k1 n, F P: a \! i8 P- W+ x 三、对程序的理解& K7 a# ~$ m) T. H K9 ^: c7 { : G1 A' U) w# v) k Q& K 程序代码： ;******************** (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics ********************- i4 o( ^5 p* v7 v5 Y P ;* File Name : startup_stm32f10x_hd.s. @6 p0 T; G7 J4 a. ^ ;* Author : MCD Application Team ;* Version : V3.5.0 ;* Date : 11-March-2011 ;* Description : STM32F10x High Density Devices vector table for MDK-ARM $ r, F4 e9 L* d) a# D$ H ;* toolchain. ;* This module performs: ;* - Set the initial SP% F! u" g' r4 B: m/ T/ B6 I! {8 y ;* - Set the initial PC == Reset_Handler4 f8 o8 \! T% ]# P+ y9 y. L ;* - Set the vector table entries with the exceptions ISR address ;* - Configure the clock system and also configure the external ;* SRAM mounted on STM3210E-EVAL board to be used as data ( S8 V8 R& `. Y9 _5 J/ e0 i ;* memory (optional, to be enabled by user) ;* - Branches to __main in the C library (which eventually+ Z6 j( I* m% F3 s! O ;* calls main()). ;* After Reset the CortexM3 processor is in Thread mode, ;* priority is Privileged, and the Stack is set to Main.+ C9 L h$ E; x7 Q) R ;* <<< Use Configuration Wizard in Context Menu >>> ;******************************************************************************* ; THE PRESENT FIRMWARE WHICH IS FOR GUIDANCE ONLY AIMS AT PROVIDING CUSTOMERS ; WITH CODING INFORMATION REGARDING THEIR PRODUCTS IN ORDER FOR THEM TO SAVE TIME.) ?# F) B5 S! D! {0 }; \ ; AS A RESULT, STMICROELECTRONICS SHALL NOT BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,! l0 J: m$ N3 i ; INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WITH RESPECT TO ANY CLAIMS ARISING FROM THE2 e7 N2 Z: c5 N) `* u ; CONTENT OF SUCH FIRMWARE AND/OR THE USE MADE BY CUSTOMERS OF THE CODING7 {, e9 F$ W+ _; t: J ; INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IN CONNECTION WITH THEIR PRODUCTS.# |4 A9 [) y$ {( I5 f+ a4 e5 ^" C5 f ;******************************************************************************* * p* [/ T; p+ v8 M& s) e5 X- W ; Amount of memory (in bytes) allocated for Stack% [ m5 g% j1 o' M! j ; Tailor this value to your application needs ; <h> Stack Configuration ; <o> Stack Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8> ; </h>; I2 L# x+ h5 D Stack_Size EQU 0x00000400 / `# I9 J( g* k5 s m AREA STACK, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3 Stack_Mem SPACE Stack_Size ;栈大小1KB，名称STACK，NOINT-不初始化 2^3=8字节对齐 __initial_sp 9 ~& B3 H0 x" g v4 r4 r) S ; <h> Heap Configuration1 [& a9 o0 u% ^% b2 \) [9 v' \3 G+ A ; <o> Heap Size (in Bytes) <0x0-0xFFFFFFFF:8>8 E. Z% t9 I+ a ; </h> Heap_Size EQU 0x00000200 AREA HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3. c! U; F- S/ `) I5 A! o. J __heap_base ;堆起始地址% o! s9 e, G$ y* L& f Heap_Mem SPACE Heap_Size ;堆大小512B __heap_limit ;堆结束地址 2 [9 D3 D o0 P0 ] PRESERVE8 ;指定当前文件的堆栈按照8字节对齐7 r# s9 Q, I6 S) ? THUMB ;表示后面兼容THUNB指令集( w1 ?, m ?7 ^) l( I 0 u4 {; J8 W' o8 R0 U ; Vector Table Mapped to Address 0 at Reset AREA RESET, DATA, READONLY ;定义一个数据段名称为RESET，只读 EXPORT __Vectors ;声明全局变量__Vectors& I: Y" |- Y) x EXPORT __Vectors_End ;声明全局变量__Vectors_End% N0 @7 r5 i" L% ` EXPORT __Vectors_Size ;声明全局变量__Vectors_Size: C3 s4 U7 |# t' H , u. A1 t9 `1 X) J. u( _ __Vectors DCD __initial_sp ; 栈顶地址6 b0 ?# }' N. m% Z- R3 G) n DCD Reset_Handler ; 复位处理程序9 @9 D: M! v H: _$ `/ y DCD NMI_Handler ; 不可屏蔽中断处理. [# u5 F6 D- [# G3 ~. S& W$ @3 _ DCD HardFault_Handler ; Hard Fault 处理 DCD MemManage_Handler ; MPU Fault 处理 DCD BusFault_Handler ; Bus Fault 处理 DCD UsageFault_Handler ; Usage Fault 处理 DCD 0 ; Reserved5 q" I& \+ Z& J& i* s DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD 0 ; Reserved( f" c) n+ H6 N1 r9 M DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD SVC_Handler ; SVCall Handler( u# K; H( K, k$ y0 `% `6 ` M DCD DebugMon_Handler ; Debug Monitor Handler DCD 0 ; Reserved DCD PendSV_Handler ; PendSV Handler DCD SysTick_Handler ; SysTick 处理 & ]6 Z& S# ]8 {6 p: i* E" |6 }% t ; 外部中断开始: K% M8 B+ W8 ~$ f: }& F DCD WWDG_IRQHandler ; Window Watchdog DCD PVD_IRQHandler ; PVD through EXTI Line detect DCD TAMPER_IRQHandler ; Tamper DCD RTC_IRQHandler ; RTC+ F9 g% K; _( L5 n DCD FLASH_IRQHandler ; Flash DCD RCC_IRQHandler ; RCC( H3 s. O+ @9 U) Z DCD EXTI0_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 0 DCD EXTI1_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 1 DCD EXTI2_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 2 DCD EXTI3_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 3 DCD EXTI4_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 4 DCD DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 1 DCD DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 2 DCD DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 3) u8 e% ?% P; u DCD DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 4 DCD DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 5- H6 ~' O' M% i0 W- s) T DCD DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 6 DCD DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler ; DMA1 Channel 7; q4 x6 o) C0 A \: L$ M* o DCD ADC1_2_IRQHandler ; ADC1 & ADC2$ L; G; l8 y. [9 ?4 D5 J ~ E7 r DCD USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler ; USB High Priority or CAN1 TX DCD USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler ; USB Low Priority or CAN1 RX0 DCD CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler ; CAN1 RX18 O9 v8 C# W- p% D9 f7 a DCD CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler ; CAN1 SCE! ?/ y) u: I: s; O6 O DCD EXTI9_5_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 9..5# k6 M+ h2 r+ y8 L3 e1 U DCD TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Break DCD TIM1_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Update DCD TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Trigger and Commutation DCD TIM1_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM1 Capture Compare DCD TIM2_IRQHandler ; TIM2 DCD TIM3_IRQHandler ; TIM32 D; u. O, s7 W* r" C DCD TIM4_IRQHandler ; TIM4 DCD I2C1_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Event DCD I2C1_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C1 Error DCD I2C2_EV_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Event. Q6 [, q' ]4 b. s% E ~$ H DCD I2C2_ER_IRQHandler ; I2C2 Error DCD SPI1_IRQHandler ; SPI1( E- ?- z G4 T0 }) ` DCD SPI2_IRQHandler ; SPI2 DCD USART1_IRQHandler ; USART14 b% r1 U% o* j, K DCD USART2_IRQHandler ; USART2: j, E! D: g! M `* o; n: Z o6 ` DCD USART3_IRQHandler ; USART3 DCD EXTI15_10_IRQHandler ; EXTI Line 15..10 DCD RTCAlarm_IRQHandler ; RTC Alarm through EXTI Line DCD USBWakeUp_IRQHandler ; USB Wakeup from suspend0 W+ h) ^+ F6 J9 I) y3 u: L DCD TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Break4 ^' s/ |9 L5 ` DCD TIM8_UP_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Update DCD TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Trigger and Commutation DCD TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ; TIM8 Capture Compare DCD ADC3_IRQHandler ; ADC3 DCD FSMC_IRQHandler ; FSMC DCD SDIO_IRQHandler ; SDIO DCD TIM5_IRQHandler ; TIM53 H4 `# H0 e" B DCD SPI3_IRQHandler ; SPI3 DCD UART4_IRQHandler ; UART4 {1 H3 b, r3 P( ?3 } DCD UART5_IRQHandler ; UART5 DCD TIM6_IRQHandler ; TIM6 DCD TIM7_IRQHandler ; TIM7; `" I5 m# @/ o7 o9 y$ u1 t DCD DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel1( M% A$ b/ P! V# ]) G' K DCD DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel26 _8 T4 M" n: l% R8 r DCD DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel3, T4 o Q2 @+ L9 `8 ^ DCD DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler ; DMA2 Channel4 & Channel52 c2 c2 s9 T( ], \) v& ?; P5 H __Vectors_End ;向量表从FLASH的0地址开始放置，以4个字节为一个单位，地址0存放的是栈顶地址，0x04存放的是复位程序地址，以此类推。 ;DCD - 分配一个或多个以字为单位的内存，以4字节对齐，并要求初始化这些内存。+ b* f4 S0 l" W& M3 i; I __Vectors_Size EQU __Vectors_End - __Vectors //向量表大小 ! f( y0 W& z) ^ AREA |.text|, CODE, READONLY ;定义一个.text名称的代码段，只读 S$ b. I# U* ~. b n& h* i8 N * G$ }7 x+ {- B+ @7 Y/ @2 e3 _) u ; 复位处理 Reset_Handler PROC ; PROC-定义子程序与ENDP成对使用 EXPORT Reset_Handler [WEAK] ;声明Reset_Handler，可被外部使用的全局属性7 V( c/ L6 T, c- B+ p IMPORT __main ;声明外部文件$ q$ B6 d" v* _$ ~, A) s( ` IMPORT SystemInit ;声明外部文件，类似于C语言的extern外部声明8 G' f6 \* r5 o* {8 H. Q LDR R0, =SystemInit* p1 p U- M. j BLX R0 ;跳转到SystemInit地址执行 LDR R0, =__main BX R0 ;跳转到__main地址执行7 Z E, _0 w/ n. T" R ENDP ;子程序结束1 Z0 \3 d$ Z; ?" s8 s9 H$ t; s0 H 2 b- y9 D" W8 y' W# [# S. a ; Dummy Exception Handlers (infinite loops which can be modified) NMI_Handler PROC ;异常处理! V! C8 x. b! b4 i6 [0 X+ J9 W+ i EXPORT NMI_Handler [WEAK]. m0 Y, y/ O1 ` B . ;无限循环 ENDP: _) ]9 x m7 E1 P: C+ Z0 J% x HardFault_Handler\! R- r0 W+ V. X: S; y8 c4 e* z PROC5 g1 s9 J" f, p6 B5 t7 Y7 e7 n EXPORT HardFault_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP) g$ B' D& K5 U" o MemManage_Handler\ PROC+ P6 P+ l# A+ h) a3 X7 Y: g+ n# w EXPORT MemManage_Handler [WEAK]' {" Q! @8 R- g5 T& `0 | B .. X/ b3 {1 S+ w% E ENDP4 d5 I3 f. {! d5 K BusFault_Handler\ PROC# w6 J, f' |% ~! p EXPORT BusFault_Handler [WEAK]+ N( k7 `$ V& {# c B . ENDP) M5 e. j: u! G. U+ _4 U1 N UsageFault_Handler\ PROC EXPORT UsageFault_Handler [WEAK] b* X+ ~# h% F B . ENDP SVC_Handler PROC* E) z) p# E% d# ^" {, `, A EXPORT SVC_Handler [WEAK]- e5 ^& D8 W: @2 d$ |) [ B .* J1 S( f$ H* @ ENDP DebugMon_Handler\ PROC EXPORT DebugMon_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP PendSV_Handler PROC EXPORT PendSV_Handler [WEAK] B . ENDP+ g+ M) ?, Y+ @0 e SysTick_Handler PROC3 n8 J {$ A. h% Y' @6 i$ h EXPORT SysTick_Handler [WEAK]# j# |0 } u* U1 M: j Z, ~ B .$ w0 j5 ~, B9 d9 z2 m. g+ H, Z; m ENDP4 k. Y" u8 ~/ }9 L Default_Handler PROC EXPORT WWDG_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT PVD_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TAMPER_IRQHandler [WEAK]6 m8 m% W% f4 b1 H1 X7 }1 w& T EXPORT RTC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT FLASH_IRQHandler [WEAK]6 d- m( @/ U% F# M( d, e' |* u% s EXPORT RCC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI0_IRQHandler [WEAK]4 k% ]# V3 T$ Z6 H* O* c2 y EXPORT EXTI1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]) w2 X# ?- E) o* E2 N EXPORT EXTI4_IRQHandler [WEAK]7 ?! N, _/ Q/ c6 D EXPORT DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK]! C5 U1 ]5 U, N; T, C; Z9 h: \4 i: b EXPORT DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler [WEAK]- \ S2 F: r$ w3 i: c8 H, Y! \ EXPORT ADC1_2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler [WEAK]2 z4 T3 _* O4 M$ ? EXPORT CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI9_5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]7 g* P9 y* F/ q) g6 a EXPORT TIM1_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM1_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]. l; `1 g0 e2 Y# o! p EXPORT TIM2_IRQHandler [WEAK]/ n( A5 L4 N% m EXPORT TIM3_IRQHandler [WEAK]; r, R/ k8 q6 C- k& i, W( `* C EXPORT TIM4_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C1_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK]. x5 r) g0 B1 C EXPORT I2C1_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C2_EV_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT I2C2_ER_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SPI1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SPI2_IRQHandler [WEAK], ?4 w! Q5 N+ [9 ~ EXPORT USART1_IRQHandler [WEAK]3 n- h& u* p4 U3 V0 v EXPORT USART2_IRQHandler [WEAK]/ E1 W2 Z+ } S- s6 z: ^4 N EXPORT USART3_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT EXTI15_10_IRQHandler [WEAK]1 X! g1 S& W! j$ g% ] EXPORT RTCAlarm_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT USBWakeUp_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler [WEAK]9 L5 O/ b8 d0 T2 { EXPORT TIM8_UP_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM8_CC_IRQHandler [WEAK]5 @0 l6 s, d& F" X) j% u% P, T# K EXPORT ADC3_IRQHandler [WEAK]7 e/ C5 a$ j, v& P& T# y8 V, M EXPORT FSMC_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT SDIO_IRQHandler [WEAK]& m; A- { Z0 q EXPORT TIM5_IRQHandler [WEAK]0 _4 ^2 d h) J* W- }6 K, B EXPORT SPI3_IRQHandler [WEAK]' }- Q ~7 B, o2 |. S EXPORT UART4_IRQHandler [WEAK]( b" I( x# v7 O- D2 J1 Y, m" y/ I EXPORT UART5_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM6_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT TIM7_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler [WEAK] EXPORT DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler [WEAK]! @: a3 L" P5 B2 C EXPORT DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler [WEAK]1 a" ?% W( C6 ~ WWDG_IRQHandler PVD_IRQHandler+ R7 |% C" l2 R% K/ Y TAMPER_IRQHandler RTC_IRQHandler1 n4 _5 l, k. r+ r, I; h FLASH_IRQHandler RCC_IRQHandler EXTI0_IRQHandler, s. D, w9 p7 |5 U- x3 ]2 O EXTI1_IRQHandler EXTI2_IRQHandler EXTI3_IRQHandler EXTI4_IRQHandler1 g! I6 N# S3 J. s* f$ P DMA1_Channel1_IRQHandler9 d/ y4 [( V6 k$ X8 `/ p4 s DMA1_Channel2_IRQHandler DMA1_Channel3_IRQHandler0 D3 v' F p2 T* d6 F DMA1_Channel4_IRQHandler DMA1_Channel5_IRQHandler' k5 w9 S5 _2 ?5 b6 S8 @% z DMA1_Channel6_IRQHandler% h3 b V1 f/ t8 {3 i DMA1_Channel7_IRQHandler' W9 t! r0 A# a) R* Z4 a ADC1_2_IRQHandler USB_HP_CAN1_TX_IRQHandler( o$ I$ C% d# u3 q7 C, y5 k$ ? USB_LP_CAN1_RX0_IRQHandler CAN1_RX1_IRQHandler CAN1_SCE_IRQHandler EXTI9_5_IRQHandler @( s6 _% E$ F TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler, D2 x) P- _! X+ A& ?- r TIM1_UP_IRQHandler+ J- d7 X2 p9 {& y* q TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler2 |6 D% c5 g0 h1 D" k( | TIM1_CC_IRQHandler TIM2_IRQHandler1 O+ c& ~& L/ v9 `% M. H TIM3_IRQHandler TIM4_IRQHandler( M( |# |% S, a) t( q9 N I2C1_EV_IRQHandler! |" m( G9 _- x0 T5 [. G( t. W I2C1_ER_IRQHandler I2C2_EV_IRQHandler I2C2_ER_IRQHandler: @ Q$ n* I$ o7 M- Y7 v( z SPI1_IRQHandler SPI2_IRQHandler USART1_IRQHandler* z$ U% ?' r. z6 f USART2_IRQHandler9 l9 g3 b4 i& d/ H0 E USART3_IRQHandler- v) {% C U1 _# C EXTI15_10_IRQHandler RTCAlarm_IRQHandler USBWakeUp_IRQHandler TIM8_BRK_IRQHandler TIM8_UP_IRQHandler3 {% @# U% Y: `2 G/ v TIM8_TRG_COM_IRQHandler5 t3 x$ R% I1 d) } TIM8_CC_IRQHandler ADC3_IRQHandler FSMC_IRQHandler SDIO_IRQHandler3 Y3 x! D7 r4 l2 N! g TIM5_IRQHandler SPI3_IRQHandler/ E# {$ O, Y& H4 ~: Y* K, M UART4_IRQHandler UART5_IRQHandler TIM6_IRQHandler TIM7_IRQHandler DMA2_Channel1_IRQHandler# D) q& G* n w' H DMA2_Channel2_IRQHandler DMA2_Channel3_IRQHandler DMA2_Channel4_5_IRQHandler. X5 D7 s; G x7 ] B . ENDP- M% K1 |9 B* c N, m! D C8 u/ q+ T * v+ \/ G; ^! u# p% X# W ALIGN ;对指令或者数据存放的地址进行对齐，后面会跟一个立即书，缺省表示4个字节5 [9 g5 v6 `; s, p! `& k " U* M- _. p0 Q9 `7 R. @ ;******************************************************************************* ; User Stack and Heap initialization% Q; J8 s; @5 ~+ O9 F+ U ;*******************************************************************************1 R0 D1 s" `* z' N: u IF : DEF:__MICROLIB ;这个宏在Keil里面开启 EXPORT __initial_sp ;声明标号 EXPORT __heap_base ;声明标号，栈起始地址. R, ?/ r+ b% ]5 p EXPORT __heap_limit ;声明标号，栈结束地址 4 ?2 V9 Y4 C# W ELSE IMPORT __use_two_region_memory ;这个函数由用户自己实现 EXPORT __user_initial_stackheap __user_initial_stackheap LDR R0, = Heap_Mem X; n5 r2 O4 `, V LDR R1, =(Stack_Mem + Stack_Size)% C9 V7 E9 g2 ^( H& o; } LDR R2, = (Heap_Mem + Heap_Size)( C, N* d0 i- L. k" h LDR R3, = Stack_Mem BX LR+ ^+ X0 g! h( Q3 R' J9 K& o ALIGN ENDIF 0 D' \: d$ j5 K) V. j END4 O9 i# v% S( L2 u4 [( C. n 5 L K3 ~5 [& T7 `8 V ;******************* (C) COPYRIGHT 2011 STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE***** 5 R5 Z) `6 F& a3 S( ~ 以上是通过本章节学习的一点理解，还有不足之处，后续再深入学习。5 \+ Y- r7 A" \ ' h" @5 n( P; } W3 F1 \+ l 5 `. j' H9 D* `6 T7 a' ]; J: G 5 S! Z z5 Q# F& Z' `, T+ u9 [4 P |
STMCU-管管
回答时间：2018-12-6 14:33:31
支持 |
